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Equipment wholesale sizing. The higher-performance replacement window replacement options would allow reduced sizing of the residential unit heat pumps, as the heat pumps are eventually replaced. The highest-performance replacement option is estimated to reduce peak heating loads 33%-47%, windows and peak cooling loads 19%-33%. This would allow a replacement heat pump sized at least one step smaller than the existing pump in pretty much every residential wholesale unit, yielding reduced replacement replacement cost, reduced peak loads on the utility, reduced operational noise level, and possibly better dehumidification performance during the cooling season.There would be little or no windows equipment sizing benefit associated with the clear glass window replacement options, however. This is because the clear glass wholesale and replacement options produce windows only small peak cooling load reductions and peak heating and peak cooling are roughly equal in these buildings. In a colder climate, where heating loads are dominant, the clear glass options would also allow equipment size reduction wholesale and replacement in many cases. To do this, we selected CONTAM, a program developed by the National Institute for Standards and Technology and available flee through its Web site (see information at the end of this article). CONTAM calculates instantaneous values of air flow through windows openings in buildings, using the flow characteristics of each opening, wholesale orientation, height, and other factors, based on a weather file that provides temperature and replacement wind information. We windows set up our CONTAM runs to wholesale and replacement calculate air flow for each hour of the typical year, and then summarized the results by month.To complete the energy simulation inputs, we gathered information on building envelope construction and estimated appliance loads, hot water usage, and occupancy for each unit type. Water-to-air heat pumps installed in each windows unit provide heating wholesale and cooling at McLean Gardens. Six central plants equipped with boilers and cooling towers provide conditioned water at roughly 70[degrees]F to the heat pumps as a source or sink for energy. We took advantage of replacement Visual DOE''s ability to model this system by grouping an upper, middle, and lower unit together with a central plant for each analysis. Comfort. Window replacement at McLean Gardens would windows result in reduced window air leakage and wholesale increased replacement and windows wintertime temperatures at the inner glass surface. Reduced air leakage means fewer drafts near windows. Increased wintertime glass temperature wholesale would reduce cold convection currents that spill off windows, further reducing the sensation of drafts. The temperature increase would also increase the average radiant replacement temperature of the indoor environment. (Average radiant temperature has nearly as strong an influence on comfort as does air temperature.) While all the replacement options would yield some increase in temperature, the higher-performance low-e, argon-filled glass would offer windows the greatest increase. While improved comfort has wholesale value in itself, replacement it may also result in thermostat adjustments that yield additional real energy savings windows.
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